Navigation in ATC

Navigation means knowing where you are, where you want to go, and having a good idea of how much time and fuel it will take to get there. Navigation exactly means finding your way. There are two types of navigation.

*. TERMINAL NAVIGATION
*. ENROUTE NAVIGATION
The process of navigation is that , the position of the air craft is first made fixed and by determining the angle of deflection and the altitude the path of the aircraft is deduced. The VHF Omnidirectional Range navigation system is generally denoted as VOR . The basic principle of operation of the VOR is very simple: the VOR facility transmits two signals at the same time. One signal is constant in all directions, while the other is rotated about the station. The airborne equipment receives both signals, looks (electronically) at the difference between the two signals, and interprets the result as a radial from the station. the most important point to be noted is the radial signals of a VOR always point away from the station . The information is send through MORSE CODE. Another instrument known as DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) is used to measure the distance of the aircraft from the ground level. It has a transponder and interrogator which operates with the freq of 915 -10200 Hz which is used for this distance measurement.here the reflection of the pulses paves the way for distance measurement.